Middle East

An energy cooperation agreement between Syria and Türkiye presents new opportunities for energy supply chain diversification within the Middle East. The reopening of the Kirkuk–Baniyas oil pipeline and construction of a 400-kilovolt transmission line will likely foster closer energy and political cooperation between Türkiye and Syria. Türkiye is likely to perceive the dissolution of the PKK as an opportunity to expand energy and security activity within the Türkiye-Syria bord

The threat of attacks follows the end of the first 42-day phase of a Gaza ceasefire mediated by Qatar, Egypt, and the United States (U.S.), which expired on 01 March 2025. ●       Under the first phase of the three-phase ceasefire deal, which came into effect in January 2025, Hamas exchanged 33 Israeli hostages and five Thais for some 2,000 Palestinian prisoners and detainees.